三角恒等变换公式包括:
两角和与差的三角函数和(差)角公式
$\sin(\alpha + \beta) = \sin\alpha\cos\beta + \cos\alpha\sin\beta$
$\sin(\alpha - \beta) = \sin\alpha\cos\beta - \cos\alpha\sin\beta$
$\cos(\alpha + \beta) = \cos\alpha\cos\beta - \sin\alpha\sin\beta$
$\cos(\alpha - \beta) = \cos\alpha\cos\beta + \sin\alpha\sin\beta$
$\tan(\alpha + \beta) = \frac{\tan\alpha + \tan\beta}{1 - \tan\alpha\tan\beta}$
$\tan(\alpha - \beta) = \frac{\tan\alpha - \tan\beta}{1 + \tan\alpha\tan\beta}$
倍角公式
$\sin(2\alpha) = 2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha$
$\cos(2\alpha) = \cos^2\alpha - \sin^2\alpha = 2\cos^2\alpha - 1 = 1 - 2\sin^2\alpha$
$\tan(2\alpha) = \frac{2\tan\alpha}{1 - \tan^2\alpha}$
半角公式
$\sin^2\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right) = \frac{1 - \cos\alpha}{2}$
$\cos^2\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right) = \frac{1 + \cos\alpha}{2}$
$\tan^2\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right) = \frac{1 - \cos\alpha}{1 + \cos\alpha}$
$\tan\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right) = \frac{\sin\alpha}{1 + \cos\alpha} = \frac{1 - \cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha}$
万能公式与降幂扩角公式
$\sin\alpha = \frac{2\tan\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)}{1 + \tan^2\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)}$
$\cos\alpha = \frac{1 - \tan^2\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)}{1 + \tan^2\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)}$
$\tan\alpha = \frac{2\tan\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)}{1 - \tan^2\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)}$
积化和差公式
$\sin\alpha\cos\beta = \frac{1}{2}[\sin(\alpha + \beta) + \sin(\alpha - \beta)]$
$\cos\alpha\sin\beta = \frac{1}{2}[\sin(\alpha + \beta) - \sin(\alpha - \beta)]$
$\cos\alpha\cos\beta = \frac{1}{2}[\cos(\alpha + \beta) + \cos(\alpha - \beta)]$
$\sin\alpha\sin\beta = -\frac{1}{2}[\cos(\alpha + \beta) - \cos(\alpha - \beta)]$
和差化积公式
$\sin\alpha + \sin\beta = 2\sin\left(\frac{\alpha + \beta}{2}\right)\cos\left(\frac{\alpha - \beta}{2}\right)$
$\sin\alpha - \sin\beta = 2\cos\left(\frac{\alpha + \beta}{2}\right)\sin\left(\frac{\alpha - \beta}{2}\right)$
$\cos\alpha + \cos\beta = 2\cos\left(\frac{\alpha + \beta}{2}\right)\cos\left(\frac{\alpha - \beta}{2}\right)$
$\cos\alpha - \cos\beta = -2\sin\left(\frac{\alpha + \beta}{2}\right)\sin\left(\frac{\alpha - \beta}{2}\right)$
这些公式在解三角函数方程、简化三角函数表达式以及进行三角函数的积分和微分等计算中起到重要的作用。