三角函数的基本关系包括:
同角三角函数的基本关系
倒数关系:
$\tan\alpha \cdot \cot\alpha = 1$
$\sin\alpha \cdot \csc\alpha = 1$
$\cos\alpha \cdot \sec\alpha = 1$
商的关系:
$\frac{\sin\alpha}{\cos\alpha} = \tan\alpha = \frac{\sec\alpha}{\csc\alpha}$
$\frac{\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha} = \cot\alpha = \frac{\csc\alpha}{\sec\alpha}$
平方关系:
$\sin^2\alpha + \cos^2\alpha = 1$
$1 + \tan^2\alpha = \sec^2\alpha$
$1 + \cot^2\alpha = \csc^2\alpha$
特殊公式
$(\sin\alpha + \sin\theta)(\sin\alpha - \sin\theta) = \sin(\alpha + \theta)\sin(\alpha - \theta)$
锐角三角函数公式
$\sin\alpha = \frac{\text{对边}}{\text{斜边}}$
$\cos\alpha = \frac{\text{邻边}}{\text{斜边}}$
$\tan\alpha = \frac{\text{对边}}{\text{邻边}}$
$\cot\alpha = \frac{\text{邻边}}{\text{对边}}$
$\sec\alpha = \frac{\text{斜边}}{\text{邻边}}$
$\csc\alpha = \frac{\text{斜边}}{\text{对边}}$
二倍角公式
$\sin 2\alpha = 2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha$
$\cos 2\alpha = \cos^2\alpha - \sin^2\alpha = 2\cos^2\alpha - 1 = 1 - 2\sin^2\alpha$
$\tan 2\alpha = \frac{2\tan\alpha}{1 - \tan^2\alpha}$
三倍角公式
$\sin 3\alpha = 3\sin\alpha - 4\sin^3\alpha$
$\cos 3\alpha = 4\cos^3\alpha - 3\cos\alpha$
和差角公式
$\sin(\alpha + \beta) = \sin\alpha\cos\beta + \cos\alpha\sin\beta$
$\sin(\alpha - \beta) = \sin\alpha\cos\beta - \cos\alpha\sin\beta$
$\cos(\alpha + \beta) = \cos\alpha\cos\beta - \sin\alpha\sin\beta$
$\cos(\alpha - \beta) = \cos\alpha\cos\beta + \sin\alpha\sin\beta$
$\tan(\alpha + \beta) = \frac{\tan\alpha + \tan\beta}{1 - \tan\alpha\tan\beta}$
$\tan(\alpha - \beta) = \frac{\tan\alpha - \tan\beta}{1 + \tan\alpha\tan\beta}$
辅助角公式
$a\sin\alpha + b\cos\alpha = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}\sin(\alpha + t)$,其中 $\sin t = \frac{b}{\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}}$,$\cos t = \frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}}$
倍角公式
$\sin 2\alpha = 2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha = \frac{2}{\tan\alpha + \cot\alpha}$
$\cos 2\alpha = \cos^2\alpha - \sin^2\alpha = 1 - 2\sin^2\alpha$
$\tan 2\alpha = \frac{2\tan\alpha}{1 - \tan^2\alpha}$
半角公式
$\sin\frac{\alpha}{2} = \pm\sqrt{\frac{1 - \cos\alpha}{2}}$
$\cos\frac{\alpha}{2} = \pm\sqrt{\frac{