怎么用c语言编程解数独

时间:2025-01-27 14:29:22 网络游戏

在C语言中解数独有多种方法,包括穷举法、回溯法、递归法以及基于图的结构等。下面我将介绍一种基于回溯法的简单实现方法。

回溯法解数独

回溯法是一种试探性的解决问题的方法,当尝试一种可能的解时,如果发现该解不符合条件,就退回一步,尝试其他的可能性。这种方法适用于数独这种约束满足问题。

```c

include

include

define SIZE 9

bool isValid(int board[SIZE][SIZE], int num, int pos) {

int row = pos / SIZE;

int col = pos % SIZE;

// Check row

for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {

if (board[row][i] == num) {

return false;

}

}

// Check column

for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {

if (board[i][col] == num) {

return false;

}

}

// Check box

int boxRow = row / 3;

int boxCol = col / 3;

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

if (board[boxRow * 3 + i][boxCol * 3 + j] == num) {

return false;

}

}

}

return true;

}

bool solveSudoku(int board[SIZE][SIZE]) {

int pos = -1;

for (int i = 0; i < SIZE * SIZE; i++) {

if (board[i / SIZE][i % SIZE] == 0) {

pos = i;

break;

}

}

if (pos == -1) {

return true; // Puzzle solved

}

for (int num = 1; num <= 9; num++) {

if (isValid(board, num, pos)) {

board[pos / SIZE][pos % SIZE] = num;

if (solveSudoku(board)) {

return true;

}

board[pos / SIZE][pos % SIZE] = 0; // Backtrack

}

}

return false; // Trigger backtracking

}

void printBoard(int board[SIZE][SIZE]) {

for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++) {

printf("%d ", board[i][j]);

}

printf("\n");

}

}

int main() {

int board[SIZE][SIZE] = {

{5, 3, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},

{6, 0, 0, 1, 9, 5, 0, 0, 0},

{0, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0},

{8, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 3},

{4, 0, 0, 8, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1},

{7, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 6},

{0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 8, 0},

{0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 9, 0, 0, 5},

{0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 7, 9}

};

if (solveSudoku(board)) {

printBoard(board);

} else {

printf("No solution found.\n");

}

return 0;

}

```

代码说明

isValid函数:

检查在数独的某个位置是否可以放置某个数字。

solveSudoku函数:

使用回溯法递归