虚拟条件句是一种表示与事实相反或不可能发生的情况的语言结构。它通常用于表达一种假设或愿望,而不是真实的情况。虚拟条件句主要有三种类型:
与现在事实相反
条件从句的谓语用过去式(be动词通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。
例句:If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town.
与过去事实相反
条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had + 过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。
例句:If I had known her number, I could have called her up.
与将来事实相反
条件从句的谓语可以用过去式(be动词通常用were)、should do、were to do,主句谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。
例句:If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay home.
错综时间条件句
有些条件句的主句和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致,这类句子称为错综时间条件句。例如:
If you had taken my advice then, you would not be in trouble now.
含蓄条件句
有些句子虽不含条件从句,但意思和条件句相差不多,这种句子称为“含蓄条件句”,这种句子有时候会用虚拟语气。例如:
Without electricity, the world would be dark.
非真实条件句
非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种,也称虚拟条件句,表示与事实相反。例如:
If I were you, I would go with him.
总结
虚拟条件句通过使用不同的时态和语气来表示一种假设或不可能发生的情况。掌握虚拟条件句的构成和用法,可以帮助我们更准确地表达我们的想法和意图。